THE ANATOMICAL LOCATION OF THE MENTAL FORAMEN AND THE PREVALENCE OF THE ANTERIOR LOOP IN THE EGYPTIAN POPULATION: A RETROSPECTIVE

CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY STUDY

Nada Hashim Al jassim1, Mostafa Mohamed Hosny 2, Ahmed Mohamed Bilal 2,

Ahmed Mohamed Elshamy 2, Ibrahim Sabry Elsayed 2, Shereen fathy 2,

Abdel-latif Galal Borhamy 2, Mahmoud Taha El-Destawy 2

 

1 - Al Maaqal Private University. Basrah, Iraq.

2 - Al-Azhar University. Cairo, Egypt.

S

trategically, the mental foramens (MF) are important landmarks during implantology techniques. Their location, morphology and anatomical variations required to be considered prior the surgery to prevent mental neurovascular injuries.

Purpose. To assess the location of the mental foramen (MF) and the prevalence of the anterior loop (AL) in the Egyptian population.

Materials and methods. A total of 300 cone beam computed tomography (CBCTs) examinations that satisfied the inclusion and exclusion requirements were investigated. After imaging, the position of MF was recorded as a – below apex of 1st premolar, b – below apex of 2nd premolar, c –between 1st and 2nd premolar. The prevalence of AL was assessed by classifying inferior alveolar canal (IAC) into three patterns: Loop, perpendicular and anterior.

Results. Position of mental foramen: between 1st and 2nd premolar was 154 (51.3%) in the right side and 176 (58.7%) in the left side. Inferior alveolar canal patterns: Loop was 100 (33.3%) in the right side and 106 (35.3%) in the left side. Perpendicular was 192 (64%) on the right side and 184 (61.3%) on the left side. Position of mental foramen and Inferior alveolar canal patterns, there was a statistically non-significant difference between right and left sides.

Discussion. In implant installation, the major consequence is injury to the inferior alveolar nerve (mental foramen). Thus, the incidence of mental neurosensory disturbances due to orthodontic, periodontal and surgical procedures cannot be actually determined. Many authors reported the complication incidence varied from 0-40% in inferior alveolar nerve injuries. The inferior alveolar nerve is the most injured nerve, followed by the lingual nerve. As a result, to ensure a maximum safety in the placement of implants without compromising available space, a CBCT examination is strongly recommended.

Conclusion. The sample population most exhibited MF between 1st and 2nd premolar with the most common pattern detected was perpendicular in nature. Anterior looping was regarded as the second most common pattern in Egyptian population.

 

Keywords: mental foramen, CBCT, Perpendicular, inferior alveolar canal.

 


Corresponding author: Mostafa Mohamed Hosny, e-mail: Этот e-mail адрес защищен от спам-ботов, для его просмотра у Вас должен быть включен Javascript

For citation: Nada Hashim Al jassim, Mostafa Mohamed Hosny, Ahmed Mohamed Bilal , Ahmed Mohamed Elshamy, Ibrahim Sabry Elsayed, Shereen fathy, Abdel-latif Galal Borhamy, Mahmoud Taha El-Destawy. The anatomical location of the mental foramen and the prevalence of the anterior loop in the egyptian population: a retrospective cone beam computed tomography study. REJR 2024; 14(1):34-41 DOI: 10.21569/2222-7415-2024-14-1-34-41.

Received:        02.02.24 Accepted:       12.02.24