RESULTS OF ECHOGRAPHY OF THE YOLK AND GESTATIONAL SAC IN WOMEN WITH

EARLY PREGNANCY LOSS

 

Nuriyeva A.A.

 

A. Aliyev Azerbaijan State Institute of Advanced Medical Education, Department of Radiology. Baku, Azerbaijan.

E

valuation of the gestational sac and yolk sac remains an important element of ultrasound evaluation of pregnancy in the first trimester.

Purpose. To assess the size of the yolk sac and gestational sac in the first trimester in pregnant women with an unfavorable and favorable pregnancy outcome.

Material and methods. Ultrasound examination (ultrasound) was performed in 128 pregnant women with a period of 5.5-6 weeks. All patients had a medical history, general and physical examination and transvaginal ultrasound. The diameter of the gestational sac and yolk sac was determined every 2 weeks to 12 weeks.

Results. During the study 24 patients suffered fetal loss and 104 women continued pregnancy. Fetal loss occurred in 8 patients at 6 weeks, pregnancy continued in 120 women, fetal loss occurred in 6 patients at 8 and 10 weeks, respectively, pregnancy continued in 114 and 108 patients. At 12 weeks, fetal loss occurred in 4 patients, pregnancy continued in 104 patients. The normal form of the yolk sac was detected in 90.6%, the altered form in 9.4% of patients. Of the 12 cases with an altered shape of the yolk sac, the deformed shape was visualized in 4 patients, the hypoechoic rim in 6, and the oval shape in 2 patients. In the group with fetal loss, the deformed shape and the hypoechoic rim were determined in 2 patients, respectively, and the oval shape in 1 patient. At 6, 8, and 12 weeks, the average diameter of the yolk sac in the group of women with fetal loss significantly exceeded the average diameter in the group with ongoing pregnancy (p<0.05). The diameter of the yolk sac was reduced after 12 weeks compared with 6, 8 and 10 weeks, a significant decrease was noted in patients with fetal loss (p<0.001). The diameter of the gestational sac in the examined patients increased significantly during 6, 8, 10 and 12 weeks.

Discussion. The yolk sac, visible in the early stages of pregnancy, performs vital functions for the embryo including metabolism and hematopoiesis. Our study showed that abnormalities in the shape and size of the yolk sac are associated with an increased risk of fetal loss. Ultrasound monitoring of the yolk sac is important for the early prediction of pregnancy outcomes.

Conclusion. Ultrasound assessment of the diameter and shape of the yolk sac, as well as the diameter of the gestational sac during the first trimester of pregnancy is important for assessing the course of pregnancy in the early stages. Ultrasound monitoring of the yolk sac and gestational sac is necessary for early diagnosis of pregnancy loss.

 

Keywords: pregnancy, fetal loss, transvaginal ultrasound, yolk sac, gestational sac.

 

Corresponding author: Nuriyeva A.A., e-mail: Этот e-mail адрес защищен от спам-ботов, для его просмотра у Вас должен быть включен Javascript

 

For citation: Nuriyeva A.A. Results of echography of the yolk and gestational sac in women with

early pregnancy loss. REJR 2024; 14(2):77-84. DOI: 10.21569/2222-7415-2024-14-2-77-84.

Received:        03.07.24 Accepted: 10.07.24