COMPLEX RADIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE CONDITION OF PERIPHERAL NERVES IN CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DEMYELINATING POLYNEUROPATHY

 

Rakhimzhanova R.I.¹, Abdrakhmanova Zh.S.¹, Bexultanova A.T.^1,2

 

1 – Zh.Kh. Khamzabayev Research Institute of Radiology, NAO “Astana Medical University”.

2 – Republican State Enterprise on the Right of Economic Management, Hospital of the Medical Center of the Presidential Administration of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan.

T

he article presents literature reviews on the role of radiological methods in patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP).

Purpose. To evaluate the possibilities of radiological diagnostics of structural changes of peripheral nerves and its use in the differential diagnosis of patients with CIDP.

Materials and methods. The literature was searched using Google scholar, Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science databases dedicated to the diagnosis of CIDP, an acquired autoimmune disease of the myelin sheath of peripheral nerves characterized by a recurrent or progressive course leading to disability of the able-bodied population.

Results. Recently, ultrasound has been actively used in the world to examine peripheral nerves and brachial plexus, since ultrasound is a sensitive, affordable and inexpensive research method compared to other studies. According to ultrasound data using a qualitative assessment of the structure and echogenicity of the brachial plexus, peripheral nerves of the upper and lower extremities, indicative changes were revealed, such as hypoechogenicity of the structure, characterized by a decrease in echogenicity with erasure of the cable structure due to the predominance of the fascicular component, hyperechogenicity in the case of predominance of thickening of the interstitial component without expansion of the fascicles with erasure of the cable structure, characterized by increased echogenicity, mixed change in peripheral fiber, when the erasure of the cable structure, thickening of the interstitial component or expansion of fascicules was noted. The quantitative assessment is characterized by an increase in the cross-sectional area (CSA) during longitudinal measurement and a thickening of the nerve during longitudinal measurement. According to the MRI data, an increase or hypertrophy of the ponytail, nerve roots or plexuses was noted as an additional auxiliary diagnostic criterion. Needle electroneuromyography (ENMG) reveals spontaneous denervation activity in muscles of the upper and lower extremities. There are also signs of demyelination that meet the criteria for CIDP.

Conclusion. Radiological diagnostics is a valuable and affordable method for a comprehensive assessment of the brachial plexus and peripheral nerves of the upper and lower extremities in CIDP.

 

Keywords: chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, ultrasound diagnosis of peripheral nerves, nerve cross-section, electroneuromyography.

 

Corresponding author: Bexultanova A.T., e-mail:  Этот e-mail адрес защищен от спам-ботов, для его просмотра у Вас должен быть включен Javascript

 

For citation: Rakhimzhanova R.I., Abdrakhmanova Zh.S., Bexultanova A.T. Diffuse axonal brain damage. Complex radiological assessment of the condition of peripheral nerves in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. REJR 2025; 15(1):206-218. DOI: 10.21569/2222-7415-2025-15-1-206-218.

Received:        13.12.24 Accepted:       24.02.24